Source Question on Public Health Reform 1832-1853 Essay Example for Free

Source Question on Public Health Reform 1832-1853 Essay Sources B and C mainly provide similar evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because they both agree that public health in certain areas were much worse than those which were affected by the new Public Health Act. This is clear because Source B refers to, â€Å"We live in muck and filthe† and Source C refers to, â€Å"We also want sewers and an ample supply of water†. They also both agree that there are dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 for Source B refers to, â€Å"if the Cholera comes lord help us† and in Source C, the author claims that, â€Å"without which no efficient sanitary measures can be carried out†, which is referring to the anxiety of disease. Both Sources B and C offer similar evidence because they are both written for the same cause. Sources B and C were both written by people who wanted the Public Health Act to affect their local community due to the poor conditions and danger of disease in their areas. They are also both written at very similar dates, Source B having been written in 1848 and Source C having been written in 1849. This is important because public health at this time was known to be dreadful and both give a good insight towards the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849. They also both have the same purpose, for they were written for the intention of having the Public Health Act applied to their local areas (both signed by other locals who wanted the Act enforced), meaning that similar evidence would be involved in inquiring for the act. These similarities make Source C more valuable as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because the petition in Source C was signed by 164 people, whereas Source B was signed by 54 people. However, there are some differences between Sources B and C as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849. Firstly, both sources provide different evidence, for Source B gives a greater sense of desperation and fear, whereas Source C does not give as much of a sense of desperation. This can be seen when Source B refers to, â€Å"livin in a wilderness so far as the rest of London knows anything of us† whereas Source C only states that, â€Å"Unlike elsewhere there appears to be a very favourable feeling towards to its (the Public Health Act) adoption†. The sources are also written very differently. Source B is written with many spelling mistakes and bad grammar, whereas Source C is written in a more formal tone without any spelling mistakes or bad grammar The main reason why the sources offer different evidence is because they are written by two people from very different backgrounds. Source B is written by someone who has clearly not been educated very well as the letter is written in poor English. This makes the source more valuable as evidence for the attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because it comes from someone who sounds more desperate. Whereas, Source C is written by an active local Poor Law Guardian a middle class man or above, and has been educated. Due to the tone being formal, desperation for the Public Health Act does not come through as clearly as Source B therefore it is not as valuable evidence for the attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849. Source B offers more useful evidence the Source C because not only does it describe conditions of the public health problems and bring across the anxiety of an outbreak of disease in 1849, but also presents more of a sense of desperation due to the illiteracy of the author, for example, â€Å"The stenche of their gully hole is disgustin We all of us suffer and numbers are ill†. Source B is also reliable because it comes from someone who is clearly more desperate for better public health conditions due to the tone. Source C is just as reliable for a ‘Board’ was secured and he was assisted by Chadwick’s favoured engineer. Overall, Source B is more useful than Source C as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because it describes the public health conditions of his area in greater detail than Source C, and, his evidence is typical to the conditions described at the time. However, together, they provide valuable evidence because both corroborate that public health at the time was appalling and that there were dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849.

Essay on Jake Barns as a Code Hero in Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises :: Hemingway Sun Also Rises Essays

Jake Barns as a Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway is a renowned American author of the Twentieth century who centers his novels on personal experiences and affections.   He is one of the authors named "The Lost Generation." He could not cope with post-war America, and therefore he introduced a new type of character in writing called the "code hero".   Hemingway is known to focus his novels around code heroes who struggle with the mixture of their tragic faults and the surrounding environment.   Traits of a typical Hemingway Code Hero are a love of good times, stimulating surroundings, and strict moral rules, including honesty.   The Code Hero always exhibits some form of a physical wound that serves as his tragic flaw and the weakness of his character.   In Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises Jake Barnes is the character who maintains the typical Code Hero qualities; while Robert Cohn provides the antithesis of a Code Hero. Jake Barnes, the narrator and main character of The Sun Also Rises, is left impotent by an ambiguous accident during World War I.   Jake's wound is the first of many code hero traits that he features. This physical wound, however, transcends into an emotional one by preventing Jake from ever consummating his love with Lady Brett Ashley.   Emotional suffering can take its toll on the Code Hero as it did with Jake Barnes.   Despite the deep love between Jake and Lady Brett, Jake is forced to keep the relationship strictly platonic and stand watch as different men float in and out of Lady Ashley's life and bed. No one other than Jake and Brett ever learn the complexity of their relationship because Jake's hopeless love for Brett and the agony it entails are restricted to scenes known to themselves alone. Therefore, Jake suffers in silence because he has learned to trust and rely only upon himself, which is conducive to the Hemingway Code as well. Jake is an American who travels to Europe to satiate his appetite for exotic landscapes and to escape his pain.   Jake tries to live his life to the fullest with drinking, partying, and sporting with friends.   With these pastimes, Jake hopes to hide from his fault and get on with the life he has been made to suffer.   Watching and participating in sports help accentuate the Code Hero's masculinity and provide the sense of pride Jake has lost.

Conference Management

Abstract This project aims to create a common platform for organizing activities of conference. The conference management system will manage the abstracts and research papers submitted by scholars, reviewing them, and accepting or rejecting them. This will greatly reduce the costs and efforts of the conference managers and authors where they can directly interact through internet. Currently there is a need for such a conference management system, where research conferences relating to different fields can be managed by single application. This application can host any number of conferences and large number of paper can be submitted.The environment created would enhance the usability of conference’s thereby facilitating the researcher’s to submit their papers easily and making organizers to manage the research’s by forwarding it to the jury and taking their reviews. This would reduce a lot of effort. It would also eliminate the need to have expertise on employing people for managing all such activities. It would smooth the progress of conference management and all the activities will take place in well-defined manner. Table of Contents Page No. RecommendationI Dissertation Approval Sheet II Candidate DeclarationIIIAcknowledgementIV AbstractV Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1 Overview and issues involved01 1. 2 Problem definition 01 1. 3Problem Solution 01 Chapter-2 Literature Survey 2. 1 Methodology 03 2. 2 Technologies and tools 04 Chapter-3 Requirements gathering 3. 1 Software requirements 08 3. 2 Hardware requirements 98 3. 3 Use case model 10 Chapter-4 Analysis 4. 1 Sequence diagrams 18 4. 2 Activity diagrams 22 Chapter-5 Design 5. 1 Technology selection 25 5. 2 Database design 28 5. 3 Implementation details Chapter-6 Testing 6. 1Test case and design30 6. 2Testing methods and strategies31Conclusion 37 Bibliography38 Chapter-1 Introduction This conference management tool aims at improving the conference management practices and reduces the burd en on the part of organizers, and provides the technical solution for the research paper submission and reviews. 1. 1 Overview and Issues Involved There are large numbers of conferences being taking place at different locations all over the world, we have seen researchers and eminent educationist submit their research papers at these conferences, they generally have to send the research paper through post and it takes a lot of time.This project is focused towards developing a management system that will cater to the needs of the conference organizers. 1. 2 Problem Definition In the present scenario, the conference organizers face a lot of problems in coordinating various activities that are associated with conference. This increases a lot of effort and needs a lot of expertise and large numbers of people are required to manage all the process. This definitely is not an easy task. There is a lot of trouble involved in submitting a research paper to a conference and then sending it to a jury, for review and their comments.To speed up this process of conference management was our main focus in this project. 1. 3 Problem Solution This project will be a fine demonstration of efficient use of technology and engineering in the web- application development field. This will cut down the organizing and maintenance cost of conference’s and will also reduce the efforts of author to send their research papers through post. This is done through creation of a conference management application that would assist the organizers to run their conference effectively.Our software product ‘conference management system’ is designed and developed to provide the rigid solution for the handling of conferences. We have designed an interface that will provide the platform for the researchers and educationist to submit their research papers online and it will be forwarded to jury for their review and comments. The system will help the user’s to create new confere nce by providing the information of the conference and the request will be forwarded to the administrator for validation.The administrator can accept or reject the conference request and he will have to authority to delete the author if he is found doing illegal activity on the system. The chair of the conference will add the program committee members to review the papers submitted in that conference. The chair can check the details of the paper submitted in the conference installed by him. The program committee member will be reviewing the conference for which he is selected by the chair to review the conference. The program committee can download the research paper for reading it so it can be reviewed in a better manner. . 1 Methodology To operate this software in a best possible way, the user should have some knowledge of accessing internet and navigating the internet through any browser. He should be aware of how conferences are hosted and the working of organization that hostâ €™s the conference i. e. from submitting of paper, forwarding it to the jury, and then finalizing selected research papers. 1 System Interfaces As our system is completely an independent system in itself thus it does not require any external API or any interface for interaction with any other system.It only interacts with the administrator and author’s, but not with any other software component. 2 Interfaces Our system will interact with the user only through the well defined graphical user interface. Client server architecture will be required for supporting the application. Client Server Architecture A server is anything that has some resource that can be shared. There are Computer servers, which provide computing power; print servers, which manage a collection of printers; disk servers, which provide networked disk space; and web servers, which store web pages.A client is simply any other entity that wants to gain access to a particular server. The interaction between client and server is just like the interaction between a lamp and an electrical socket. The power grid of the house is the server, and the lamp is a power client. The server is a permanently available resource, while the client is free to â€Å"unplug† after it is has been served. [pic] Fig 2. 1 Client-Server Architecture 2. 2 Technologies and Tools NetBeans NetBeans refer to both a platform framework for java desktop applications,and an integrated development environment(IDE).The NetBeans IDE is written in Java and can run anywhere a compatible JVM is installed, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc. The NetBeans platform allows application to be developed from a set of modular software components called modules. The NetBeans Platform is a reusable framework for simplifying the development of Java Swing desktop applications. Among the features of the platform are: †¢ User interface management (e. g. menus, toolbars) †¢ User settings management †¢ Storage manag ement (saving and loading any kind of data) †¢ Window management Wizard framework (supports step-by-step dialogs) †¢ NetBeans Visual Library †¢ Integrated development Tools Adobe Dreamweaver Adobe Dreamweaver is the industry-leading web authoring and editing software that provides both visual and code-level capabilities for creating standards-based websites and designs for the desktop, smart phones, tablets, and other devices. It is a site building and publishing tool appropriate for intermediate to advanced users that allows you to create graphical interface and built-in advanced design and coding features.It enables use of basic JavaScript without any coding knowledge. Integrating features of Adobe Dreamweaver are amazing; it integrates with Adobe’s Spry Ajax framework and that makes an easy access to dynamically-generated content and interfaces. Adobe Dreamweaver is also integrated with Adobe Flash Professional, Fireworks, Photoshop Extended; this lessens th e amount of stages for making projects. Adobe Dreamweaver supports leading web development technologies such as HTML, XHTML, CSS, XML, JavaScript, Ajax, PHP, Adobe ColdFusion software, which make designing and development really magical.Powerful CSS tools do not need separate utilities, and reduce the need to manually edit CSS code in designing and developing websites. Adobe Dreamweaver is the best application for extension developers and web designers who design and put up websites. MySQL Mysql is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language. Free-software-open source projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL.For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Uses MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely use d LAMP web application software stack—LAMP is an acronym for â€Å"Linux, Apache, MySQL and Perl/PHP/Python†. MySQL is used in some of the most frequently visited web sites on the Internet, including Flickr. com, Nokia. com, YouTube and as previously mentioned, Wikipedia, Google and Facebook. Glass Fish Server: Glassfish is an open source application server project led by Sun Microsystems for the Java EE platform.The proprietary version is called Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server. Glassfish is free software. The latest version of GlassFish released is v3. 1. Other Java EE application servers: †¢ JBoss AS †¢ WebSphere AS †¢ WebLogic Server †¢ Apache Geronimo MODULE-2 †¢ JDBC/ODBC: ODBC  (Open Database Connectivity) is a standard software interface for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of  programming languages, database systems, and  operating systems. Thus, any application can u se ODBC to query data from a database, regardless of the platform it is on or DBMS it uses.ODBC accomplishes platform and language independence by using an  ODBC driver  as a translation layer between the application and the DBMS. The application thus only needs to know ODBC syntax, and the driver can then pass the query to the DBMS in its native format, returning the data in a format the application can understand. Java DataBase Connectivity, commonly referred to as  JDBC, is an  API  for the  Java programming language  that defines how a client may access a  database. It provides methods for querying and updating data in a database. JDBC is oriented towards relational databases.A JDBC-to-ODBC  bridge enables connections to any ODBC-accessible data source in the  JVM  host environment. JDBC allows multiple implementations to exist and be used by the same application. The API provides a mechanism for dynamically loading the correct Java packages and registering them with the JDBC Driver Manager. The Driver Manager is used as a connection factory for creating JDBC connections. JDBC connections support creating and executing statements. These may be update statements such as  SQL’s CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE, or they may be query statements such as SELECT. †¢ MySql †¢ Tomcat Server.Rational Rose Model Rational rose is an object oriented Unified Modeling Language (UML) software design tool intended for visual modeling and component construction of enterprise level software applications. Rose facilitates object-oriented analysis design, better known for OOAD. In fact, Rose is an acronym for Rational Object Oriented Software Engineering. The great things about Rose is that it allows analysts, engineers, writers and project managers to create, view, manipulate modeling elements in a Unified Modeling Language (UML) across the entire enterprise, using one tool and one language.The tool’s true value is that it expo ses software development problems early on in the development life cycle, helping you manage everything from straight forward projects to more complex software solutions. Basically, Rose supports use-case driven object modeling. Chapter-3 Requirement Gathering 3. 1 Software Requirements Functional Requirements |SRS 001 |Add new author |This system shall be able to add new users with valid email-id. | |SRS 002 |Install Conference |Conference management system shall provide users to add new conferences. |SRS 003 |Submit a paper |Authors can submit their papers in already existing validated conferences. | |SRS 004 |Conference validation by administrator |All the conferences are validated by administrators so as to avoid any unauthorized| | | |researches. | |SRS 005 |Program committee selection by Chair |Eminent program committee is selected by chair so as to provide best expertise and | | | |best research papers are selected. |SRS 006 |Paper selection by Program committee |The program committee can select the papers which he wants to review. | |SRS 007 |Upload review |The program committee member can upload his review for selected papers. | |SRS 008 |Mail to Authors and PC member |The chair can send mail from time to time to program committee member and author. | |SRS 009 |Paper download |The program committee can download the paper for further reading. |SRS 009 |Review form download |The program committee can download the review form for making reviews. | |SRS 011 |User feedback |User’s valuable feedback provides us a constant motivation of improvement. | Table 3. 1 Showing Functional Requirements Non-functional Requirements |SRS012 |Access Permission |The conference management system shall have several types of access permissions. For instance, | | | |the administrator is shall be able to validate conference requests and delete the author.At | | | |the same time, authors shall have restricted access to already submitted research papers. | |SRS013 |Mainta inability |The system shall provide the capability to backup the database and it is very easy to maintain | | | |and work on. | |SRS014 |Reliability |The system shall be available all the time, only a internet connectivity is required. |SRS015 |Flexibility |The conference management system shall be flexible and adaptable due to future plans of | | | |expanding the system. | Table 3. 2 Showing Non-Functional Requirements Development End †¢ Operating System (Windows, Mac OS, Linux) †¢ Java Development Kit (JDK) 5 or above †¢ HTML editor (Macromedia Dreamweaver 8) Client End †¢ Internet connection. †¢ A java enabled browser. 3. 2 Hardware Requirements Development End †¢ 500Mhz Intel Pentium-III or higher processor †¢ An Internet connection †¢ 512 MB RAM 600 MB of free hard-drive space, for each platform downloaded into the SDK, an additional 100MB is needed. Client End †¢ 500 MHz Pentium III processor above. †¢ 2 GB hard disk and 256 MB of RAM. †¢ An internet enabled device. †¢ Web Browser installed operating system. 3. 3 Use Case Model In this project, the analysis and design is used as a technique to conduct a research into conference management system. Design is completely based on definition of problem and the knowledge based construct. The use-case diagram which clearly depicts how this system behaves is constructed. End users can easily circumspect the operations carried out.Also the relationship between various elements is visible and the constraints are easily identified. [pic] Fig 1. 1 Use case for Author. [pic] Fig 1. 2 Use case diagram for Program committee member. [pic] Fig 1. 3 Use case diagram for Editor [pic] Fig 1. 4 Use case diagram for Administrator Use Case Description 3. 3. 1 UC01: Login 3. 3. 1. 1 Description:The user logs in the web site. 3. 3. 1. 2 Flow of events:User opens the login page; enter his id and password, and clicks on login button. 3. 3. 1. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 1. 3 Special requirements:N. A. 3. 3. 1. Preconditions:The user must have registered him before with the web site and should hold a valid account. 3. 3. 1. 5 Post conditions: The user gets access to the site. 3. 3. 1. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 2 UC02: Sign Up 3. 3. 2. 1 Description:The user registers him by entering his details. An account is made where his profile information is maintained. 3. 3. 2. 2 Flow of events Entering all the fields and then clicking on submit button. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 2. 3 Special requirements: N. A. 3. 3. 2. 4 Preconditions: The user should have a valid email account.The mandatory fields should not be left empty. 3. 3. 2. 5 Post conditions:The user has a valid account on the website. 3. 3. 2. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 3 UC03: Install a Conference 3. 3. 3. 1 Description: The author can create a new conference. 3. 3. 3. 2 Flow of events: Users logs in, and then go to chooses create conference option and enters the co nference details and submits his request. 3. 3. 3. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 3. 3 Special requirements:N. A. 3. 3. 3. 4 Preconditions: The user must have a valid account on the web site. 3. 3. 3. Post conditions: The request for a new conference is submitted. 3. 3. 3. 6 Extension point: N. A. 3. 3. 4 UC04: Submit Paper 3. 3. 4. 1 Description: The author can submit his research paper on the existing conferences. 3. 3. 4. 2 Flow of events: Author logs in, and then goes to chooses submit conference option and enters the research paper details and submits his paper. 3. 3. 4. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 4. 3 Special requirements:The author must have a valid research paper. 3. 3. 4. 4 Preconditions: The author must have a valid account on the web site. . 3. 4. 5 Post conditions: The author’s research paper is submitted and will be forwarded to jury for review. 3. 3. 4. 6 Extension point: N. A. 3. 3. 5 UC05: Edit Profile 3. 3. 5. 1 Description:The user can access h is own profile information. He can either view or edit the profile. 3. 3. 5. 2 Flow of events: Users logs in, and then goes to My-Account section to view and edit his profile information. 3. 3. 5. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 5. 3 Special requirements: 3. 3. 5. 4 Preconditions: The user must have a valid account on the website. 3. 3. . 5 Post conditions: The profile information is updated. 3. 3. 5. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 6 UC06: Validate Conference 3. 3. 6. 1 Description: The administrator can validate the conference requests. 3. 3. 6. 2 Flow of events The administrator logs in and then goes to selects the validate conference option, then selects the conference requests which is to be validated. 3. 3. 6. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 6. 3 Special requirements: N. A. 3. 3. 6. 4 Preconditions:The administrator must hold a valid account and must be properly logged in. . 3. 6. 5 Post condition: The selected conferences are validated. 3. 3. 6. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 7 UC07: Add PC member 3. 3. 7. 1 Description: The chair has the right to invite the PC member to review the paper for a particular conference. 3. 3. 7. 2 Flow of events The author has to change his role from author to chair, then select the conference for which he wants to invite the PC member. 3. 3. 7. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 7. 3 Special requirements: The author has to change his role from author to chair to be able to add 3. 3. . 4 Preconditions:The author is properly logged in and changes his role from author to editor. 3. 3. 7. 5 Post condition: The PC member is invited to review the paper for a particular conference. 3. 3. 7. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 8 UC08: Review the paper 3. 3. 8. 1 Description: The PC member can review the paper for which chair has invited him. 3. 3. 8. 2 Flow of events The author will have to first change his role to PC member, then select the conference which he wants to review and then select the research paper for which he wants to write review.The PC member posts his review for that paper. 3. 3. 8. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 8. 3 Special requirements: The author must be added by chair as a PC member for that conference. 3. 3. 8. 4 Preconditions:The PC member should be added by program chair to review that conference, and he should have changed his role from author to PC member. 3. 3. 8. 5 Post condition: The author posts the review of the paper. 3. 3. 8. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 9 UC09: Download Paper 3. 3. 9. 1 Description: The PC member can download the research paper. 3. 3. 9. Flow of events The author changes his role from author to PC member, selects the conference and particular research paper, then downloads the paper. 3. 3. 9. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 9. 3 Special requirements: The author must be added by chair as a PC member for that conference. 3. 3. 9. 4 Preconditions:The PC member should be added by program chair to review that conference, and he should have changed his role from author to PC member. 3. 3. 9. 5 Post condition: The PC member downloads the paper. 3. 3. 9. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 10 UC010: View Paper Details 3. 3. 10. Description: The PC member can check the details of the research paper. 3. 3. 10. 2 Flow of events The author changes his role from author to PC member, selects the conference and particular research paper, then views the detail of paper. 3. 3. 10. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 10. 3 Special requirements: The author must be added by chair as a PC member for that conference. 3. 3. 10. 4 Preconditions:The PC member should be added by program chair to review that conference, and he should have changed his role from author to PC member. 3. 3. 10. 5 Post condition: The PC member check the details of paper. 3. 3. 0. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 8 UC11: Delete Author 3. 3. 11. 1 Description: The administrator can delete any author if he does any illegal activity. 3. 3. 11. 2 Flow of events The administrator logs i n and selects the author to be deleted. 3. 3. 11. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 11. 3 Special requirements: N. A. 3. 3. 11. 4 Preconditions:The administrator must hold a valid account and must be properly logged in. 3. 3. 11. 5 Post condition: The author is deleted from the system. 3. 3. 11. 6 Extension point:N. A. 3. 3. 12 UC12: Logout 3. 3. 12. 1 Description: The administrator can delete the author. . 3. 12. 2 Flow of events The administrator logs in and selects the logout option and administrator is logged out. 3. 3. 12. 2. 1 Alternative Flows: N. A. 3. 3. 12. 3 Special requirements: N. A. 3. 3. 12. 4 Preconditions:The administrator must hold a valid account and must be properly logged in. 3. 3. 12. 5 Post condition: The author is logged out from administrator page. 3. 3. 12. 6 Extension point:N. A. Chapter-4 Analysis 4. 1 Sequence Diagram A sequence diagram is an interaction diagram in UML that emphasizes the time ordering of the messages. It shows how processes operate on e with another and in what order.It shows parallel vertical lines as different processes or objects that live simultaneously, and horizontal arrows as the messages exchanged between them, in the order in which they occur. The boxes across the top of the diagram represent the use cases, objects, classes, or actors. The dashed lines hanging from the boxes are called object lifelines, representing the life span of the object during the scenario being modeled. The long, thin boxes on the lifelines are activation boxes, also called method-invocation boxes, which indicate processing is being performed by the target object/class to fulfill a message.Messages are indicated on UML sequence diagrams as labeled arrows, when the source and target of a message is an object or class the label is the signature of the method invoked in response to the message. Return values are optionally indicated using a dashed arrow with a label indicating the return value. [pic] Fig 4. 1 Sequence Diagram for Lo gin [pic] Fig 4. 2 Sequence Diagram for Sign Up [pic] Fig 4. 3 Sequence Diagram for My-Account Section [pic] Fig 4. 4 Sequence Diagram for Paper Submission [pic] Fig 4. 5 Sequence Diagram for Conference validation [pic] Fig 4. 6 Sequence Diagram to add PC member. [pic] Fig 4. Sequence Diagram to write review for a paper. [pic] Fig 4. 8 Sequence Diagram to check submission details of a conference. 4. 2 Activity Diagram An Activity Diagram is essentially a flow chart showing flow of control from activity to activity. They are used to model the dynamic aspects of as system. They can also be used to model the flow of an object as it moves from state to state at different points in the flow of control. Activity diagrams commonly contain fork start & end symbol. [pic] Fig 4. 7 Activity diagram for Author [pic] Fig. 4. 8 Activity diagram for administrator Chapter-5 Design 5. 1 Technology SelectionWe are a part of a rapidly changing software industry. New and better software’s are cr eated every day. The main purpose of the software is to provide comfort to its users and also to the other developers. Java Java Platform, Standard Edition or Java SE is a widely used platform for programming in the Java language. It is the Java Platform used to deploy portable applications for general use. In practical terms, Java SE consists of a virtual machine, which must be used to run Java programs, together with a set of libraries needed to allow the use of file systems, networks, graphical interfaces, and so on, from within those programs.Java Development Kit jdk 1_5_0 it has been by far the most widely used Java SDK Sun contributed the source code to the OpenJDK. The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun Microsystems product aimed at Java developers. Since the introduction of Java, it has been by far the most widely used Java Software Development Kit. A Java Development Kit (JDK) is a program development environment for writing Java applets and applications.It consists of a r untime environment that â€Å"sits on top† of the operating system layer as well as the tools and programming that developers need to compile, debug, and run applets and applications written in the Java language. A JVM can also execute byte code compiled from programming languages other than Java. Java was conceived with the concept of WORA: â€Å"write once, run anywhere†. This is done using the Java Virtual Machine. The JVM is the environment in which Java programs execute. It is software that is implemented on non-virtual hardware and on standard operating systems.JVM is a crucial component of the Java platform, and because JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms, Java can be both middleware and a platform in its own right, hence the trademark write once, run anywhere. The use of the same byte code for all platforms allows Java to be described as â€Å"compile once, run anywhere†, as opposed to â€Å"write once, compile anywhere†, w hich describes cross-platform compiled languages. A JVM also enables such features as automated exception handling, which provides â€Å"root-cause† debugging information for every software error (exception), independent of the source code.A JVM is distributed along with a set of standard class libraries that implement the Java application programming interface (API). Appropriate APIs bundled together form the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). Java's execution environment is termed the Java Runtime Environment, or JRE. Programs intended to run on a JVM must be compiled into a standardized portable binary format, which typically comes in the form of . class files. A program may consist of many classes in different files. For easier distribution of large programs, multiple class files may be packaged together in a . jar file. JSP and ServletsA servlet is a Java programming language class used to extend the capabilities of servers that host applications accessed via a request-resp onse programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by Web servers. To deploy and run, the Apache Tomcat Server may be used. It is an open source servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Tomcat implements the Java Servlet and the Java Server Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems, and provides a â€Å"pure Java† HTTP web server environment for Java code to run.Java Server Pages  (JSP) is a  Java  technology that helps  software developers  serve  dynamically generated web pages  based on HTML,  XML, or other document types. JSP may be viewed as a high-level abstraction of  Java servlets. JSP pages are loaded in the server and are operated from a structured special installed Java server packet called a Java EE Web Application, often packaged as a  . war  or  . ear  file archive. JSP allows Java code and certain pre-defined actions t o be interleaved with static web markup content, with the resulting page being compiled and executed on the server to deliver an HTML or XML document.The compiled pages and any dependent Java libraries use Java byte code rather than a native software format, and must therefore be executed within a  Java virtual machine  (JVM) that integrates with the host  operating system  to provide an abstract platform-neutral environment. MySQL as a backend Features of MySQL 1. Speed: Of course, the speed at which a server side program runs depends primarily on the server hardware. Given that the server hardware is optimal, MySQL runs very fast. It supports clustered servers for demanding applications. 2. Ease of use: MySQL is a high-performance, relatively simple database system.From the beginning, MySQL has typically been configured, monitored, and managed from the command line. However, several MySQL graphical interfaces are available as described below: †¢ MySQL Administrator: T his tool makes it possible for administrators to set up, evaluate, and tune their MySQL database server. This is intended as a replacement for mysqladmin. †¢ MySQL Query Browser: Provides database developers and operators with a graphical database operation interface. It is especially useful for seeing multiple query plans and result sets in a single user interface. Configuration Wizard: Administrators can choose from a predefined list of optimal settings, or create their own. †¢ MySQL System Tray: Provides Windows-based administrators a single view of their MySQL instance, including the ability to start and stop their database servers. 3. Cost: MySQL is available free of cost. MySQL is a â€Å"Open Source† database. MySQL is part of LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python) environemtn, a fast growing open source enterprise software stack. More and more companies are using LAMP as an alternative to expensive proprietary oftware stacks because of its lower co st, reliability, and documentation. 4. Query Language Support: MySQL understands standards based SQL (Structured Query Language). 5. Capability: Many clients can connect to the server at the same time. Clients can use multiple database simultaneously. You can access MySQL using several interfaces such as command-line clients, Web browsers. 6. Connectivity and security: MySQL is fully networked, and database can be accessed from anywhere on the Internet, so you can share your data with anyone, anywhere.The connectivity could be achieved with Windows programs by using ODBC drivers. By using the ODBC connector to MySQL, any ODBC-aware client application (for example, Microsoft Office, report writers, Visual Basic) can connect to MySQL. 7. Portability: MySQL runs on many varieties of UNIX, as well as on other non-UNIX systems, such as Windows and OS/2. MySQL runs on hardware from home PCs to high-end server. MySQL can be installed on Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Red Hat Fedora Linux , Debian Linux, and others. We have maintained our database in MySQL that involves maintenance of information. 5. Database Design It is defined as â€Å"centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format†. Our data dictionary is designed in order to fulfill: †¢ A document describing a database or collection of databases †¢ An integral component of a DBMS that is required to determine its structure †¢ A piece of middleware that extends or supplants the native data dictionary of a DBMS. The most challenging phase of the system life cycle is system design. The term design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed.It refers to the technical specifications that will be applied in implementing the candidate system. It also includes the construction of programs and program testing. System design is a solution, a â€Å"how to† approach the creation of a new system. This important phase is composed of several steps. It provides understanding and procedural details necessary for implementing the system recommended in the feasibility study. Emphasis is on translating the performance requirements into design specifications. The first step is to determine how the output is to be produced and in what format.Samples of the output and input are also presented. Second, input data and master files (database) have to be designed to meet the requirements of the proposed output. The operational (processing) phases are handled through program construction and testing, including a list of programs needed to meet the systems objectives and to complete documentation. Finally, details related to justification of the system and an estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the organization are documented and evaluated by management as a step toward implementation.The design approach that was suited for the project turned out to be object-oriented design. It creates a representation of the real world problem domain & maps it into a solution domain that is software. Unlike other methods, object-oriented design results in a design that interconnects data objects(data items) & processing operations in a way that modularizes information & processing , rather than processing alone. E-R diagrams represent the schemas or the overall organization of the system. In order to begin constructing the basic model, the modeler must analyze the information gathered during the requirement analysis for the purpose of: classifying data objects as either entities or attributes, ? identifying and defining relationships between entities, ? naming and defining identified entities, attributes, and relationships, ? documenting this information in the data document. ? Finally draw its ER diagram. To accomplish these goals the modeler must analyze narratives from users, notes from meeting, policy and procedure documents, and, if lucky, design document s from the current information system. [pic] Fig 5. 1 Enhanced Entity-Relationship diagram. Chapter 6 Testing 6. Test Case and Design Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and the ultimate review of specification, design and code generation . Testing of the software leads to uncovering of errors in the software and reveal that whether software is functional and performance requirement are met. Testing also provides a good indication of software reliability as software quality as a whole. The result of different phases are evaluated and then compared with the expected results. If the errors are uncovered they are debugged and corrected.A strategy approach to software testing has the generic characteristics: †¢ Testing begins at the module level and works outwards towards the integration of the entire computer based system. †¢ Different testing techniques are appropriate at different point of time. †¢ Testing and debugging are different ac tivities, but debugging must be accommodating in the testing strategy. †¢ A strategy for the software testing must be accommodate low level tests that are necessary to verify that a small source code segment is performing correctly according to the customers requirement and that of developers expectations.Testing Objectives †¢ Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. †¢ A good test case is one which has a high probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. †¢ A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error. †¢ Our objective is to design tests that systematically uncover different classes of errors and to do so with minimum amount of time and effort. Testing Principles: †¢ All tests should be traceable to customer requirements. †¢ Tests should be planned long before testing begins. The Pareto principle applies to software testing. †¢ Testing should begin â€Å"in the small† and progress towards testing â€Å"in the large†. †¢ Exhaustive testing is not possible. †¢ To be most effective, testing should be conducted by an independent third party. 6. 2 Testing Methods and Strategies: Any engineered product can be tested in one of two ways: White-Box Testing: Knowing the internal workings of a product, tests can be conducted to ensure that the internal operation performs according to specification and all internal components have been adequately exercised.For testing our project, we have used the Black-Box testing methods, and a short description of this testing method follows: Black-Box Testing: Black box testing, also called â€Å"Behavioral testing†, focuses on the functional Requirements of the software. It enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program. It is a complementary approach to â€Å"White-Box testing† that is likely to uncover a different class of errors. Black Box testing attempts to find errors in the following categories: †¢ Incorrect or missing functions Interface errors †¢ Errors in data structures †¢ Behavior or performance errors †¢ Initialization and termination errors. Snapshots for Test cases: [pic] Fig 6. 2. 1 Snapshot for login Test Cases Description: following testing checks the authenticity of the end-user. Test 01 : Test case for successful Login Login ID: pushpendra Password: blackboard System Output: Successful Login Test 02 : Test case for incorrect password Login ID: pushpendra Password: chalk System Output: Incorrect user-id or Password [pic] Fig 6. 2. 2 Snapshot for conference installation Test CasesDescription: this lets you install a new conference. Test 01 Conference name: International conference on environmental studies Conference acronym: ICES Email: [email  protected] com City: Indore Country: India Your role: chair Research area: environmental Any other information: Send request System output: conference successfully installed. [pic] Fig 6. 2. 3 Snapshot for paper submission Test Cases Description: this lets you submit your research paper in your desired conference. Test 01: Name: mohit maheshwari E-mail: mohit. [email  protected] om Country: India Organization: Accenture India Title: cloud computing Abstract: benefits of new cloud computing Keyword: ACC Paper: paper1. pdf Browse System output: new paper successfully submitted. [pic] Fig 6. 2. 4 Snapshot for changing role Test Cases Description: this lets you change the role as per as requirement. Test 01: Present role: Author Change role New role: Chair System output: Your role successfully changed. [pic] Fig 6. 2. 5 Snapshot for updating profile Test Cases Description: this lets you update your personal information.Test 01: Name : ankit jain Contact number: 9407217505 E mail: [email  protected] com Organization: Microsoft India Country: India Password: anjtdf Change password: fhdfioh Submit System output: your profile successfully updated. [pic] Fig 6. 2. 6 Snapshot for review of the paper Test Cases Description: this lets you review the form previously submitted by you. Test 01: ID : 412 Author: mohit jain Review rating: 4. 5 Comment: it was very innovative. Submit System output: your form has been successfully reviewed. Conclusion Software’s are making everyday life of humans being easier & faster.This type web-application shows â€Å"How we can solve management problem? † Hence, software is managing the record & database in behalf of humans. After completion of this website, authors and administrator can now access the conference’s and can submit the research paper of their interest field. It is aimed at improving the infrastructure of the conference organizer’s by providing authors an opportunity to submit their papers. Thus it can manage the entire conference process related to paper submission, jury selection, and paper review, under the complete control of the administrator.In our project, we have used Mysql RDBMS for the creation, maintenance and use of the database. The user interface is designed using Java servlets, JSP using Netbeans IDE. We have defined two users for this system, author and administrator, each with their own access and rights and activities. This project allowed us to interact with JSP and servlets. We explored java database connectivity and also became familiar with requirements of a conference management system. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFRENCES 7. 1 BOOKS REFERED The following books were used extensively for the project development and implementation. . â€Å"The Complete Reference Java2† Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Company Limited. By- Herbert Schildt. 2. The Complete Reference to JAVA SERVER PAGES 3. Head First – Java Servlets 4. Software Engineering Pearson edition By Ian SommerVille 5. Database Management System by Ivan Bayross 7. 2 WEBSITES REFERED †¢ http:// www. google. com †¢ http://www. wikipedia. com †¢ http://www. w3schools. com/css/css_examples. asp †¢ http://www. w3schools. com/js/default. asp †¢ http://www. jsptut. com/ †¢ http://www. roseindia. net/jsp/jsp. htm

Effects Of European Exploration On The World - 1252 Words

Effects Of European Exploration By the late 1400’s into the 1500’s, European countries began to expand into the rest of the world. This resurgence of trade interest resulted in a demand for foreign goods and exploration of water routes. This Age of Exploration united the Americas with Europe, Asia, and Africa. The exchanges were plentiful and stabilizing for many communities. However, along with the positive influences, came the negative aspects, which impacted cultures and civilizations around the world. European exploration changed travel, trade, health, religion, language, architecture, the economy, and humanity. It is this author’s position that the positive influences and contributions have had a greater impact on growth and development globally than the challenges presented. Historically, the Age of Exploration shaped the world as we know it today. Many positive effects for the Age of Exploration can be identified. Historical discoveries and persuasive revelations shaped every continent. Referring to the Island of Espanola, Columbus wrote, â€Å"It will serve as a place to which (colonists) can return and from which they can carry on trade with the neighboring islands† (Document 1). This quote shows that Columbus foresaw the potential advantages of this exploration. He understood the longevity of the colonization and trade to come. This historical time of transition is often referred to as the Columbian Exchange because it started with Christopher Columbus.Show MoreRelatedThe Age Of Exploration : John Winthrop1546 Words   |  7 PagesMarroquin Mr. Verdi History -9 26 May 2016 The Age of Exploration John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony: â€Å"Touching these savages, there is a thing I cannot omit to remark to you, it is that it appears visibly that God wishes that they yield their place to new peoples.† (Crosby, Alfred W.) The Age of Exploration, (and Exploitation) brought an era of racism, nationalism, and ideals of superiority to the New World. Initially a beneficial concept, promoting trade and discoveryRead MoreEffects Of European Exploration On Europe, Africa, And The Americas1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of European Exploration on Europe, Africa, and the Americas Whenever you hear about the European Exploration, or ‘The Age of Discovery’’ you hear a lot about what the Europeans gained from it, while they did learn a lot from this and gather a lot of new resources they were not the only ones affected. The Age of Discovery affected more areas that just Europe, it also affected the Americas and Africa. To prove this we must first know what European Exploration is. From the 15th century toRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration And Its Effects On Economic And Political Power1611 Words   |  7 PagesSummative As European economy grew, and became more reliant on a cash system, replacing the land-based system of feudalism. The power shift is prominent, shifting from the lords and nobles to the merchants of the middle class. The Age of Exploration has provided a framework for economic life around the world for several centuries while also shaping politics, social relations, cultures, and natural environments, changing the very nature of society. Of course the most important aspect of this modernisticRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 PagesColumbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. 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To them, they had greatly benefited as their power grew but for others, their land were invaded and lost many lives. The Spanish and the Portuguese are two main leaders of Europe that began the movement of exploration and colonizationRead More The European Invasion of the Aztec Civilization Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe European Invasion of the Aztec Civilization Thunder on their Ships They are landing with rulers, squares, compasses Sextants White skin fair eyes, naked word Thunder on their ships. Leopold Sedar Senghor, â€Å"Ethiopiques† (Adas) â€Å"Thunder on their ships† can be used to describe Herman Cortes when he landed at what is now Veracruz, Mexico in 1519 A.D. The light skinned and bearded Spaniard led his men into territory occupied by the Aztec civilization. Little did Cortes know, but thatRead More Age Of Discovery Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages What were the Effects of the Age of Discovery? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Age of Exploration was a time of struggle and wealth for many European countries. The pursuit of a trade route to the Far East led many countries across the ocean, looking for the great spice cities that were rumored by Marco Polo. These countries knew that whoever found the shortest or best route would become rich, very quickly. Explorers from many European countries embarked on journeys that not even they had anyRead MoreEconomic Interaction Between Europe And Africa962 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Atlantic Basin stayed the same in that Europe remained dominant over trade. Europe started economic interaction in the Atlantic Basin. The beginning of European dominance over trade began in the Atlantic Basin during the Age of Exploration when searching for trade routes (specifically to Asia) was a main priority. European exploration in the Atlantic Basin began with Prince Henry of Portugal; he sponsored a series of voyages down the West African coast. As Po rtugal was sailing around Africa

Early Childhood Curriculum - 2755 Words

Discuss Early Childhood Curriculum approaches: Compare and Contrast of High/Scope, Reggio and Te Whariki Introduction: Early Childhood is an important stage of children’s life. By interacting with people around (each other and the adults), children explore and make sense of the world around them. A successful early childhood curriculum should fulfill children’s need to give children rich experience at the most important developmental stage of their lives. This paper will critically discuss, compare and contrast High/Scope, Reggio Emilia to Te Whariki, at the end of this paper the author will talk about own philosophy of early childhood education. Hi/Scope Curriculum was developed in US in 1962 in Michcigan, this programme was†¦show more content†¦Adult/Child Interaction means that shared control between adults and children is central to the High/Scope Curriculum. In addition to sharing control, adults in a High/Scope classroom participate in children’s play, conversa as partners with them, focus on children’s strengths and offer them support, and encourage children’s problem solving. Lists of recommended ‘key experiences’ (58 of them) have been compiled and incorporated into the High/Scope curriculum, to further children’s mental, physical, social and emotional development.These key experiences fall into ten categories: creative representation, language and literacy, initiative and social relations, movement, music, classification, seriation, number, space, and time.Learning Experience/environment is about how High/Scope settings set out their rooms to support children’ s choices and interest. In High/Scope settings, a well-defined interest areas that typically include a home area, art area, block area, toy area, and other areas that reflect the children’s interests. High/Scope classrooms follow a predictable sequence of events called the Daily Routine. The daily routine in a High/Scope classroom includes plan-do-review, small and large group time, outside time, transition times, and eating and resting times. Plan-do-review is a key component of High/Scope approach, children first plan what materials they want to work with, what they want to do and whom they want do itShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Curriculum For New Zealand927 Words   |  4 Pagesphysiological approach is the early year’s curriculum for New Zealand was published in 1996 after there was consultation with practitioners from the child care sector. The values (Lee 2013 p.3) ‘reflected in Te Whariki’s focus on equity and respect for children’s right s (and responsibilities), together with the aim of supporting children growing up in a democracy in which they will make a contribution.’ Two people who were given the responsibility to develop the curriculum were; Helen May and MargretRead MoreEarly Childhood Curriculum Planning Essay examples716 Words   |  3 Pagesand purpose of curriculum in the early childhood classroom. Discussed will be the definition of an integrated curriculum, and the connection between curriculum and development in the pre-kindergarten and Kindergarten student. The core content areas of childhood development will be outlined and defined and developmental support provided to all areas of content will be examined. Some of the reasons for maintaining a curriculum plan, as well as connections between assessment and curriculum will be addressedRead MoreEssay about Early Childhood Education Curriculum2250 Words   |  9 PagesEarly Childhood Education illustrates the teaching and care of children in other environments outside of the home. Early childhood centers on the development of all children no matter their gender, race, abilities, or ethnic orientation and gives knowledge of early childhood learning process, which entails values, culture, desires of parents for their children, and especially a child’s need for knowledgeable functionality in society. Early childhood education started with a mother in Europe inRead MoreEarly Childhood Curriculum2748 Words   |  11 PagesDiscuss Early Childhood Curriculum approaches: Compare and Contrast of High/Scope, Reggio and Te Whariki Introduction: Early Childhood is an important stage of children’s life. 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It is therefore imperative to imbibe a framework ofRead MoreAustralian Government Policies, Initiatives And Legislative Requirements1075 Words   |  5 Pages20th June, 2016, 1500 words (10% leeway +/-) Includes intext references. Explore Australian government policies, initiatives and legislative requirements and analyse how these documents influence curriculum, promote quality care and support the achievement of high quality outcomes for young children in Early Learning contexts. Introduction 200 words l Overview of the situation and identification of key issues. In 2012, the National Quality Framework (NQF) was introduced by the Australian GovernmentRead MoreThe Curriculum And Curriculum For Excellence Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesEarly childhood education curriculums are becoming a national curriculum in most countries. With more governments and society thinking about education of under-fives we are seeing shifts in thinking and education to meet the changing world. We are developing children skills for the future to create a society where children feel they belong and can contribute to society. Curriculums are being influenced my social, political, cultural, historical and theoretical issues that are impacting different

History of Special Education Essay - 1552 Words

History of Special Education Introduction Special education has faced many changes during the last century. During this time there have been many opinions on the way students with differences should be taught and treated. This paper will discuss the history of special education during the twentieth century. We will also discuss the laws associated with Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Finally we will discuss the current and future challenges that the laws have on special education. History of Special Education For most of our nations history, children with special needs or disabilities were shunted aside. In spite of mandated education laws that had been in place since 1918, many students were denied education and†¦show more content†¦Parents and supporters of students with disabilities were able to use this case to improve educational opportunities for their children, and â€Å"established the right of all children to an equal opportunity for an education† (Heward., 2009, p. 26). Individuals With Disabilities Education ActIn 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), which is also known as Public Law 94-142, was passed by Congress and has been reauthorized and amended by Congress five times since it passed. In 1900, congress changed the name from Education of All Handicapped Children Act, and enacted The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act instead. This law was later reauthorized in 1997 and named Public Law 105-17, the Individuals with Disabili ties Education Act Amendments (IDEA), was passed into a federal special education law, with final federal regulations being published in March 1999, and retained all of the earlier versions of Public Law 94-142. In 2004 this act was again reauthorized and became The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA), also known as IDEA 2004.The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, requires that public schools serve all students and â€Å"ensures that children with learning disabilities have the ability to receive a free appropriate public education thatShow MoreRelatedHistory of Special Education1367 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper will discuss the history of special education including a timeline of the significant events that happens in the history of special education. It would further discuss the laws associated with Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Furthermore, this paper will address the current and future challenges the laws have on special education. All children are created differently with different talents and abilities. Some are tall, others are short. Some are big, othersRead MoreHistory of Special Education1216 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Special Education The field of education has been around for a very long time, but special education has not always been around. In fact, for many years it wasn’t even accepted in the world of education. In the past, students with special needs were often not allowed to go to public school because of their disabilities. However, in today’s world, they have a right to free public education and most of the time benefit greatly from some of the resources that are available. Special educationRead MoreHistory of Special Education1539 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Special Education By: Kenyata York December 5, 2012 SPE 526 ABSTRACT Individuals with disabilities have the same passion, drive, determination and ambitions of traditional students. Students living with disabilities are just as capable of learning and retaining information just like traditional students in the classroom. In today’s society, there are an abundance of laws and regulations that are in place to protect and educate individuals with disabilities. However, the idea ofRead MoreSpecial Education: a Look at the History1279 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Education: A Look at the History Tracy Len Baier November 23, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to address the historical landmarks and legislation that have formed and created our current special education system. We will take a journey from the start of public education and its exclusion of special needs students to the current push for inclusion of all students learning within a general education classroom. The author will also share some of the pros and cons ofRead MoreHistory of Special Education Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pageshead: History of Special Education History of Special Education Marie Cudia Grand Canyon University: SPE526: Educating Learners with Diverse Needs April 2, 2012 History of Special Education The history of Special Education just as any history; is a long battle that has been fought by many who cared in order to bring us to where we are today. Its Journey has and will be never ending; since society is forever evolving. We will be fighting for equal rights in education andRead MoreHistory of Special Education Law1021 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Special Education Law Grand Canyon University Special Education Litigation and Law SPE-350 Virginia Murray August 11, 2013 History of Special Education Law Throughout the ages, people with disabilities have been hidden away at homes or institutions and were often not educated. This was common practice and as such, when the education system was designed, children with disabilities were not even considered. Then, starting soon after the civil rights movement in the 50’s, aRead More History Of Special Education Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pages Special education has changed in many different ways throughout the last century. The views of they way students with differences should be taught and treated have changed as people have become more open minded. The education laws have also seen a turn about. One major area of education was in a desperate need of changed opinions and beliefs. Education for children with learning problems has emerged from no education to special funding and programs especially for those individuals with learningRead MoreEssay about History of Special Education1088 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Special Education The recent history of special education began in 1975 when Congress passed the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA). The law was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education act (IDEA) in 1990. These laws made it mandatory for schools to meet the special needs of all students. Special education was around prior to 1975, but in most cases in a very different manner than it is today. Special education in its earliest form usually happened in theRead MoreThe History and Outlooks and a Job in Special Education1486 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Education Teaching students with special needs is highly rewarding. â€Å"Every child deserves a champion- an adult who will never give up on them, who understands the power of connection, and insists that they become the best they can possibly be.† (Pierson). Special education teachers work with and serve as a mentor to students who have a wide range of learning, mental, emotional and physical disabilities. The history of special education dates back to Europe in the early 16th century. SpecialRead MoreEssay on History of Special Education in Public Schools2926 Words   |  12 PagesHistory of the Treatment of Special Education in Public Schools The Educate America Act was passed in 1994 and was a step toward equality of education between children with and without disabilities. According to Olson and Platt (2000), the Educate America Act â€Å"represents a national framework for education reform to improve our system, policies, standards, and most importantly, outcomes for all students.† This legislation outlined goals that were very broad and simplistic, but also inspiring to

Video Game Industry Market Research Reports, Statistics and Analysis Free Essays

Global Video Games Industry [pic] The world video gaming industry is predicted to record 9% yearly growth through 2013, to exceed $76 billion, according to Business Insights. Mobile and online gaming formats will fuel the market, with customers taking advantage of wider, faster and more mobile internet access. Console gaming, the market’s current segment leader, will see its rate of sales decelerate. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Game Industry Market Research Reports, Statistics and Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the first video game was launched on the market around 45 years ago, the video game industry has taken a central place in entertainment culture for children and adults alike. Far from the solitary habit it may have been traditionally, online gaming involves communities and is based on interaction. Key Market Segments †¢ Climbing world demand for Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) is expected to push the market to over $14 billion by 2015, according to  Global Industry Analysts. Technological developments along with faster, wider-reaching broadband connectivity are driving the market. †¢ The world social gaming market almost hit the $1. 5 billion mark in 2010, reports  Business Insights. The market is expected to reach close to $4 billion by 2015, with the US a leading region generating sales of $1. 2 billion, followed by Japan at $570 million. There are currently 600 million social gamers worldwide, with China representing close to 110 million, followed by the US at 95 million gamers. By 2015, it is predicted there will be close to 275 million gamers in China and 150 million in the US. Leading game companies include Playdom, CrowdStar, Synga, Digital Chocolate and EA. †¢ With consumers connecting to the internet with smartphones, gaming has become increasingly mobile. More than 27% of smartphone subscribers have installed one game or more, with close to 35% having installed at least five on their phones, according to  Visiongain. Mobile game makers, and phone and electronic device makers have been collaborating to capitalize on the trend towards mobile gaming. †¢ The world game console market is expected to reach almost $25 billion by 2014, according to  MarketLine, representing almost 13% growth in five years. The Americas represent almost 45% of the overall market. The three leading companies in the market are Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft. Regional Market Share †¢ India’s gaming market is predicted to grow by 30% by 2014, reports  Netscribes. The market is lead by mobile gaming, which represents close to 60% of the overall market. Gaming competitions, the creation of gaming zones and increasingly popular MMOGs will fuel the market. Service providers are likely to generate higher revenue, and 3D games will become increasingly popular. †¢ China’s games and accessories market is expected to continue recording strong growth. Peripherals and accessories represent a leading market segment, with increasing demand for auxiliary devices to keep up with gaming product innovation. †¢ The online game market in Korea reached a value of over $2 billion in 2011, reports  Pearl Research. Game companies in Korea continue to concentrate on international business, expanding in the US, the EU, China and Japan. Of the $585 million generated by leading game operator Nexon, the largest share came from business outside of Korea. Market Outlook The global gaming industry has seen consumer demand soar thanks to social networking, technological innovation favoring mobile gaming, and the popularity of cyber communities promoting collective online gaming. Marketing and distribution is being facilitated by social networking sites, which do much of the work of attracting an increasing numbers of gamers. As ever, IP protection and piracy remain major issues for the industry, which continues to lose revenues do to illegal downloading. Moving forward, the global gaming industry is likely to represent an ever-present contender for other media, including music and TV. As the cultural trend towards social networking and gaming continues, consumers are as likely to log in to play a leading game (like World of Warcraft) as they are to switch on the TV to watch a film. Leading Industry Associations †¢ American Gaming Association  www. americangaming. org †¢ Entertainment Software Association  www. theesa. com †¢ National Video Game Association  http://nvgaonline. com †¢ Interactive Software Federation of Europe  www. isfe. eu †¢ European Games Developer Federation  www. egdf. eu How to cite Video Game Industry Market Research Reports, Statistics and Analysis, Essays